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The government are rolling out fire safety changes in various phases and, in many cases, are due to recommendations by the Grenfell Tower Inquiry.
One of the main rules for fire safety is The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (RRFSO).
Phase one was introduced by the Fire Safety Act 2021. Where a building contains two or more sets of domestic premises, the RRFSO will apply to the building's structure (including balconies), external walls, and any common parts and all doors between the domestic premises and common parts. The Act commenced on 16 May 2022 for England and from 1 October 2021 for Wales.
The Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022 introduced Phase Two in England from 23 January 2023. This phase introduced new requirements of displaying and issuing fire safety and fire door instructions to new occupiers and all occupiers every 12 months.
Phase three is the next, significantly changing the RRFSO by Section 156 Building Safety Act 2022. The changes commence on 1 October 2023 and apply to England and Wales unless specified otherwise.
It's always been the case that a responsible person (usually the landlord or agent for our audience) must conduct a fire risk assessment where common areas exist. However, it only needed to be in writing if the responsible person employed five or more persons.
The requirement of having employees is removed, and the wording is now changed to:
As soon as practicable after the assessment is made or reviewed, the responsible person must make a record of the assessment or review, which must, in particular, include the information prescribed by paragraph (7).
As a result, all responsible persons must make a record of a fire risk assessment from 1 October 2023.
The information prescribed in paragraph (7) used to include the "significant findings", but that is changed to "findings" (so the record must include all findings, not just significant ones):
(7) The prescribed information is—
(a) the findings of the assessment, including the measures which have been or will be taken by the responsible person pursuant to this Order; and
(b) any group of persons identified by the assessment as being especially at risk.
A new Article 9A is inserted into the RRFSO, introducing significant changes regarding who the responsible person may appoint to assist with the risk assessment.
Firstly, the 'responsible person', which could be a landlord or letting agent, is now required only to appoint someone to assist with conducting or reviewing a risk assessment if that person is deemed competent.
Secondly, the legislation defines what 'competent' means in this context. It states that a person is considered competent if they have enough training, experience, knowledge, and other qualities that would allow them to assist in making or reviewing the risk assessment effectively. This means landlords and letting agents must ensure that the person they choose to help with the risk assessment meets these criteria.
Finally, if the responsible person decides to appoint more than one person to assist with the risk assessment, they must ensure good cooperation between those appointed. This means landlords and letting agents must set up arrangements to ensure everyone involved works well together.
The RRFSO mandates that the 'responsible person' must create and implement appropriate arrangements for the effective planning, organisation, control, monitoring, and review of preventive and protective measures. These arrangements must be suitable considering the size of their undertaking and the nature of their activities. So, if you manage many properties or have complex operations, your arrangements must reflect that.
Moreover, the legislation now requires that these arrangements be recorded as the rule about having five employees is removed. This means landlords and letting agents must document their processes for planning, organising, controlling, monitoring, and reviewing their preventive and protective measures. This not only helps to ensure that these tasks are done correctly but also provides a record that can be referred to in the future or if any disputes or legal issues arise.
A new Article 21A is inserted into the RRFSO, which brings in some new duties related to providing information to residents on domestic premises.
Firstly, this duty applies to buildings containing two or more sets of domestic premises. So, if you're responsible for such a building, these changes are relevant to you.
The 'responsible person' must now provide residents with clear and relevant information about fire safety matters. These include:
The information should be provided at times and in a form specified in regulations made by the appropriate authority. The responsible person must also keep records of these fire safety matters.
The "relevant authority" is the Secretary of State for premises in England and the Welsh Ministers for premises in Wales. Regulations under this article are to be made by statutory instrument, subject to annulment by a resolution of either the House of Parliament or the Senedd Cymru, depending on whether the premises are in England or Wales.
At the time of writing, regulations specifying the times and form of providing the information have yet to be published.
Under Article 22 of the RRHSO, it is the current position that all responsible persons must work together to ensure compliance with the rules and prohibitions. The legislation also requires each responsible person to coordinate their compliance measures with those of the other responsible persons. Furthermore, you must make reasonable efforts to inform other responsible persons about any risks to relevant individuals that might arise from your activities.
These duties are extended from October 2023:
A responsible person must take reasonable steps to determine if any other responsible persons share or have duties regarding the premises. This means that if you are in charge of a property, you need to make an effort to identify if others also have responsibilities for the same property.
The responsible person must also provide their name and a UK address to the other responsible persons. This address will be used for the receipt of notices and other documents.
Furthermore, the responsible person must inform the other responsible persons about the specific part of the premises for which they consider themselves accountable. They are also required to keep a record of this information. This means you must communicate and document your specific responsibilities regarding the property to the other responsible parties.
The new legislation introduces specific obligations when a person ceases to be responsible for premises, and another person takes over that responsibility:
The outgoing, responsible person must provide the new responsible person with any relevant fire safety information they hold. This ensures that the new responsible person is fully informed about the fire safety situation of the premises.
Relevant fire safety information includes records of assessments and reviews, the identity of any person appointed to assist with these assessments, the name and UK address of any other responsible person, and the identity of any accountable person if the premises are a higher-risk building. It also includes any information given under Regulation 38 of the Building Regulations 2010 and any other matters specified in regulations made by the relevant authority. Records must be kept of the fire safety information.
This information should be provided at times and in a form under regulations (not published yet).
The new legislation introduces specific obligations for responsible persons about premises that include a residential unit in a higher-risk building:
The responsible person must take all reasonably practicable steps to find out if there are any accountable persons for the premises. An accountable person, as defined by the Building Safety Act 2022, has specific duties and responsibilities for the safety of the building.
If there are accountable persons, the responsible person must cooperate with them. This cooperation is necessary for the accountable persons to carry out their duties under the Building Safety Act 2022. This means that if you are a responsible person, you need to work collaboratively with any accountable persons to ensure the safety of the building.
The legislation provides definitions for terms such as "accountable person", "higher-risk building", and "residential unit" as per the Building Safety Act 2022.
According to the Building Safety Act 2022, a higher-risk building is a building in England that:
The Secretary of State has the authority to supplement this definition through regulations. These regulations may further define terms such as "building" or "storey", provide guidance on how to determine the height of a building, or specify certain types of buildings that do not fall under the definition of a "higher-risk building".
Some penalties have a maximum limit removed (meaning they become unlimited fines). Penalties are extended to incorporate new duties introduced by the amending rules.
Minor changes to wording about official guidance are made within the amendments. It's worth noting that the legislation mandates that the Secretary of State must ensure appropriate guidance is available to help responsible persons fulfil their duties.
In any legal proceedings where it is alleged that a person has violated a provision or regulations:
The guidance provided to assist responsible persons can be revised periodically as necessary. This ensures that the advice remains up-to-date and a valuable resource for responsible persons.
GOV.UK has a page containing links to various guidance for fire safety for those with legal duties.